Is Youth Smoking Related to the Density and Proximity of Outdoor Tobacco Advertising Near Schools? Evidence from Indonesia

Background: Smoking was among the top contributors to deaths and disability as prevalence male adults remains high, that youth increases in Indonesia. While local studies have shown high visibility of outdoor tobacco advertising around schools, country still has no ban. Objective: To examine association between smoking behavior measures density proximity Methods: We combined two primary data sources, including Semarang city. randomly selected interviewed 400 students at 20 schools In addition, we 492 who lived near for comparison. Results: found significant associations use (but not adults) Youth with medium were up 2.16 times more likely smoke, compared those low density. Similarly, senior 2.8 smoke. Also, young people poorer-neighborhood a higher 5.16 Conclusions: There This highlights need introduce an ban effectively, least schools.